Pdf stabilization of clay soils using lime and effect of ph variations. Munfakh, louisiana state university the potentials of improving the engineering characteristics of organic soils found in louisiana were studied. Rapid soil stabilization of soft clay soils for contingency airfields susan rafalko, thomas l. Stabilization of expansive soils for use in construction. Clay soil specimens were mixed with various stabilization products and compacted using a gyratory compaction machine to approximate astm d1557 moisturedensity compaction.
The study includes the properties of coir fibre and clay and experimental workouts such as triaxial test, stress state during a triaxial test, california bearing ratio, unconfined compression test, direct shear test. Egeneepdng geology elsevier engineering geology42 1996 223237 lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils f. Our system therefore often eliminates the need to haul in expensive outside materials, offering road engineers a costefficient alternative to paving. The most effective stabilizer to increase the strength of two soft clay soils within 72 h for contingency airfields to support c17 and c aircraft traffic needed to be determined. Improving an on site soils engineering properties is called soil stabilization. In this way, the influence of these minerals on cement stabilization could be assessed. Soils containing clay are rich with aluminum, a basic structural unit of clay. The only solution is soil stabilization when dealing with expansive clay soils. Soil stabilization using lime open access journals. Interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement. Electrical stabilization of soil works by inserting metal electrodes into the earth. Lime treated soil construction manual lime stabilization. Mitchell virginia polytechnic i nstitute and state university blacksburg, va december 2006 final report for 11 august 2004 7 december 2006 distribution statement a.
Soil stabilization 51 chapter 5 soil stabilization this chapter presents criteria and tests for improving the structural quality and workability of soils used for base courses, subbase courses. One of the soils was a bhorizon material derived from a member of the crosby series, a tillderived soil with a clay fraction containing montmorillonite, some mixedlayer clay and kaolinite. Abstract soil stabilization has become a major issue in construction engineering and the researches regarding the effectiveness of using industrial. The recommended amount is 10% on gravel, 12% for sandy soils, 15% for silts and 20% for clay soil. In order to illustrate such improvements, three of the most frequently occurring minerals in clay deposits, namely, kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz were subjected to a series of tests. Soil scientific is the manufacturer of clay set, a hydrogen ionic soil stabilization option for expansive clay. Nowadays, soils such as, soft clays and organic soils can be improved to the civil engineering requirements. Lime stabilization of organic soils ara arman and george a. Mechanism of stabilization of cohesive soils by treatment with organic cations 1 by d. Under this category, soil stabilization depends mainly on chemical reactions between stabilizer cementitious material and soilminerals pozzolanic materials to achieve the desired effect. Over the past 60 years, cement and lime have been the most effective stabilizers for road and airfield applications, although many nontraditional stabilizers also have been developed and used. Soil stabilization using bitumen emulsion and cement combination as additive 68 16.
It is a method of improving soil properties by blending and mixing other materials. Experimental study on stabilization of clay soil using. Foundation materials that exhibit volume change from change in soil moisture are referred to as expansive or swelling clay soils. Midwests road stabilization and building solutions use engineered polymerbased emulsions to create pavementlike strength using the soils already in place on your roads or at your worksite. Stabilization of clay soils using lime and effect of ph. The stabilized soils and unstabilized soils control geotechnical properties such as unconfined compressive strength. Study soils eight were clays, three were clay and siltyclay loams four were classification aashto a6 seven were classification aashto a76 the predominant soil used in the study was a texas clay montmorillonite cement percentages used were 3% and 5% by weight of dry soil. Cementmodified soils and their use are discussed further in. Soil stabilization methods with different materials.
Clay set offers an effective, permanent and economical. Generally, soil stabilization is a method of improving soil properties by blending and mixing other materials. Study soils eight were clays, three were clay and silty clay loams four were classification aashto a6 seven were classification aashto a76 the predominant soil used in the study was a texas clay montmorillonite cement percentages used were 3% and 5% by weight of dry soil. This is because each type of soil has a unique composition and structure. Pdf clay soils are commonly stiff in dry state but lose their stiffness when saturated with water. Often however, high water content and low workability of these soils pose difficulties for construction projects. Mitchell virginia polytechnic i nstitute and state university blacksburg, va december 2006 final report for 11 august 2004 7 december 2006. Chapter 9 soil stabilization for roads and airfields.
Stabilization of these soils is a usual practice for improving the strength. Peat soils and organic soils are rich in water content of. Unfortunately, the sulfates usually cannot be efficiently or economically removed from. Lime is an unparalleled aid in the modification and stabilization of soil beneath road and similar construction projects. Modification with calciumbased stabilizers kota et al. What if im in the construction phase and the soils deteriorate on the project. Experimental study on stabilization of clay soil using coir fibre.
The soil stabilized with cement is known as soil cement. Through stabilization, the plasticity of soil is reduced, it. Expansive clay soils are extensively distributed worldwide, and are a source of great damage to infrastructure and buildings. Soil stabilization with cement, bitumen, lime, chemical stabilization,geotextile, grouting etc. Clay soils containing montmorillonite respond more rapidly to lime stabilization than do those in which kaolinite is the predominant clay mineral. Clay soil can be stabilised by the addition of a small percentage, by weight, of lime, that is, it enhances many of the engineering properties of the soil. The state of the practice in stabilization is presented, and practical and research needs to help improve the state of the practice are discussed.
Rosauer iowa engineering experiment station, iowa state university, ames, iowa abstract the amount of moisture in a. Rosauer iowa engineering experiment station, iowa state university, ames, iowa abstract the amount of moisture in a soil and its orientation to individual soil particles may be. Over the past 60 years, cement and lime have consistently been found to be among the most effective stabilizers for road and airfield applications, although recent developments show promise using nontraditional stabilizers. Soils containing significant amounts of organic material greater than about 1 percent or sulfates greater than. Pdf this paper presents the results of geotechnical and mineralogical investigations on lime treated clay soils from hamedan city, iran, and effects. This produces an improved construction material and so the technique has been used for many construction purposes, notably in highway, railroad and airport construction to improve subgrades and subbases. The classification of the groups of the clay family on the basis of the base exchange ranges does not appear to apply to texas natural soils or to laborator.
Introduction soil is an accumulation or deposit of earth material, derived naturally from disintegration of rocks or decay of vegetation, that can be excavated readily with power equipment in the field or disintegrated by gentle mechanical. Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils sciencedirect. Pdf stabilization of clayey soil with lime and waste. Mechanism of stabilization of the clay minerals society. Stabilization of clay soils with nontraditional additives. Cement stabilization and clay soils, with examples. Rapid chemical stabilization of soft clay soils susan d. Review of stabilization of clays and expansive soils in. The stabilization of expansive soils by the use of additives such as lime, fly ash or cement is well documented du et al. As lime stabilization is most often used in relation to road construction, the tests were chosen with this in mind. Pdf stabilization of clayey soil with lime and waste stone powder. Stabilization of clay soils with nontraditional additives jeb s. Department stabilization selection forest service guide. Stabilization of expansive clay soils transportation research board.
Since world war ii, the military has sought methods for rapid stabilization of weak soils for support of its missions worldwide. Furthermore, during an experimental study of the shear strength of the stabilized soil, duration of failure. Characteristic expansive or swelling materials are highly plastic clays and clay shales that often contain colloidal clay minerals such as the montmorillonites. This soil is composed of finegrain minerals, including tiny particles with plastic and adhesive properties. Pdf lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils cristopher raul. Soil scientific soil stabilization, clay soil stabilization.
Following are the various soil stabilization methods and materials. Improvements include increasing the dry unit weight, bearing capabilities, volume changes, the performance of in situ subsoils, sands, and other waste materials in order to strengthen road surfaces and other geotechnical applications. Soil, stabilization, contingency, airfield, c17, c, portland cement, lime, geosynthetic fibers and calcium carbide, clay. This is almost exclusively used in claylike soils and can also be referred to as electroosmosis. Clay soil can be stabilized by the addition of small percentages, by weight. Soil stabilization using bitumen emulsion and cement. Using lime can substantially increase the stability, impermeability, and loadbearing capacity of the subgrade.
Design procedures for soil modification or stabilization. Jun 22, 2012 pavement structures on poor soil sub grades show early distresses causing the premature failure of the pavement. Experimental study, stabilization, clay soil, coir fibre 1. How to stabilize clay soil earthlok soil stabilizer.
On the other hand silty materials, can be sensitive to small change in moisture and, therefore, may prove difficult during stabilization sherwood, 1993. Abstract soil stabilization has become a major issue in construction engineering. Potable water is normally used for cement stabilization. A comprehensive literature survey on soillime reactions and the properties of organic soils was made. Another expensive form of soil stabilization that isnt used as often is electrical stabilization. In highway construction, modification of siltclay materials is used to improve unsuitable subgrade and fill materials. Low pi sand, high pi clay 2 majority of soil stabilization is done on mid to high pi soils. The results of shear strength tests indicated that the undrained shear strength parameters for untreated clays increased considerably if the pore. What type of problematic soils are you trying to overcome. Stabilization of clayey soil with lime and waste stone powder. This paper presents the results of geotechnical and mineralogical investigations on lime treated clay soils from hamedan city, iran, and effects. Clay soil can be stabilized by the addition of a small percentage by weight of lime, the latter enhancing many of the engineering properties of the soil. It is imperative that the damage caused by expansive soils be con trolled, and proper application of soil stabilization methods can significantly reduce the damage.
Lime stabilization prevails to be the most widely adopted in situ stabilization method for controlling the swellshrink potentials of expansive soils despite construction difficulties and its. A comprehensive literature survey on soillime reactions and. Abdilor y, babazadeh r 2014 stabilization of clay soils using lime and e. Soil stabilization using rice husk ash and cement aparna roy department of civil engineering, university institute of technology university of burdwan, burdwan 7104, w. Interpretation of geotechnical properties of cement treated soils. The treatment of one clay with cement resulted in relatively high unconfined compressive strengths ucs, whereas treating the same clay with quicklime and. A clay soil compared to others has a large surface area due toflat and elongated particle shapes.
An additive for stabilization of swelling clay soils. Fm 5410 chapter 9 soil stabilization for roads and airfields soil stabilization is the alteration of one or more soil properties, by mechanical or chemi. Rd125 comparative performance of portland cement and lime stabilization of moderate to high plasticity clay soils 1 introduction the modification of clay soils to improve their engineering properties is well recognized and widely practiced. The use of cement for finegrained soils containing more than about 1 percent sulfate should be avoided. Water is necessary for compaction and for stabilization reactions and is present within pavement structures during their service life. Recommendations for stabilization of highsulfate soils in. The phenomena associated with expansive clay soils that affect stabilization include a the specific clay mineralogies present, b the stress histories of the respective soil masses, c the desiccation histories of the subgrades, d the climates where these soils are found, e the property changes that occur in. Types of soil stabilization hasten chemical global. Lime stabilization manual, british aggregate construction materials industry.
Stabilization of clay soils using lime and effect of ph variations on. As the range of mineralogy of clay deposits varies enormously, three of the most important components in clay soils, namely, kaolinite, montmorillonite and quartz, were combined to give artificial clay soils in which one mineral type was dominant. Department of the army, the navy, and the air force, washington, d. Soils containing significant levels of silt or clay, have changing geotechnical characteristics. An introduction to soil stabilization with portland cement. Soil stabilization using bitumen emulsion and cement combination as additive. Clayey soils usually have the potential to demonstrate undesirable engineering behavior, such as low bearing capacity, high shrinkage and swell characteristics and high moisture susceptibility. Concrete is always an option soil stabilization with cement. For some of these phenomena, soil stabilization can be used to improve the properties of the soil masses. In highway construction, modification of silt clay materials is used to improve unsuitable subgrade and fill materials. Rapid soil stabilization of soft clay soils for contingency. A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the stabilization of low and highplasticity clay soils with nontraditional chemical or liquid stabilizers.